When we experience threat, our nervous system reacts in the best possible way for that situation, either by fight, flight, freeze, submit, or cry for help. When we experience threatening situations or traumas where we aren’t able to mobilize and run to safety or fight back, we will freeze or submit. In freeze, we feel stuck; there is an internal sense of danger and threat, but we are unable to move or act. In submit, we collapse; everything goes offline, our muscles become flaccid, and breathing decreases.
When we have unresolved trauma (chronic or acute; attachment-based or threat to body), we can go throughout our lives reliving the trauma through our nervous system – often leaving us in a chronic state of hyperarousal (fight, flight, freeze, attach) or hypoarousal (submit). In chronic hyperarousal, our nervous system is geared up and activated. For example, we might find ourselves feeling irritable and on edge (fight), using substances for relief, distancing from relationships (flight), relying heavily on others, clinging to avoid abandonment (attach/cry for help), feeling frozen and/or experiencing panic attacks and flashbacks (freeze). In chronic hypoarousal, our nervous system is shut down and numbed out, and can result in us feeling depressed, ashamed, disconnected, unable to think, and passive.
If you identify with some of these internal experiences, therapy is a great step for understanding your nervous system responses, what you had to do to stay safe, and how to regulate your nervous system.
Stay tuned for Part II on regulating your nervous system.
Whitney Reinhart, M.A., R.P., is a psychotherapist who provides psychological services to adults and couples experiencing a wide range of issues, with a special interest and expertise in trauma and relationships. She uses a variety of trauma-informed approaches, including sensorimotor psychotherapy, somatic experiencing, and parts-based approaches.
