Eating goes hand in hand with the holiday season. We are brought to the table in ways that break our routines, and with people who we may only eat with at this time of year. For some, this is an exciting time of celebrating with loved ones through shared meals and meaningful food traditions. But for those who struggle with eating disorders or disordered eating, this is often a challenging time that can threaten the safety that exists in their daily eating routines. Fortunately, there are strategies that can be effective in coping with the anxiety and stress associated with eating through the holidays:

1. Eat regularly
   • One of the quickest routes to activating disordered eating behaviours is disrupting regular eating schedules. Oftentimes during the holidays, people will skip a meal earlier in the day to ‘save room’ for a larger holiday dinner. For those who struggle with disordered eating, this can lay the groundwork to trigger a later binge and subsequent compensatory behaviours. Ensure that you are eating your regular daily meals.
   • Overeating during the holidays is a common experience, given the plentiful availability of food. If you do overeat, or binge, be sure not to skip meals or snacks the following days in an attempt to compensate, as this tends to lead down the cycle of binging-purging/restricting.
2. Plan ahead
   • Know your triggers and anticipate how you might manage them. For example, if you know a family member always makes a comment about weight, have a topic ready to go to shift the conversation, respectfully excuse yourself from the conversation, or engage in breathing strategies to soothe through the distress. Make a list of the strategies that tend to work best for you ahead of time.
   • If you feel comfortable speaking to the host of the holiday meal, ask them ahead of time what foods will be available. Knowing that at least one safe food is available can help to alleviate anticipatory anxiety.
   • Plan what you will do after the holiday meal, to ride through any urges to engage in compensatory behaviours. 
3. Social support
   • Bringing a trusted loved one to holiday meals in and of itself can be soothing. They can support in shifting conversations away from food or appearance, take short breaks with you, and offer reassurance.
4. Carve out time for self-care
   • Our time can often feel dictated by the chaos of the holiday schedule. Ensure that you’re making time for self-care, whether through short breaks during holiday gatherings and meals, or scheduling full days to yourself. Having time for restoration, a mental break from the energy of the holidays, and re-engaging with activities that are pleasurable and soothing to you are important ways to re-centre yourself. 
   • If possible, try to plan a day to yourself after holiday events that you know will be especially challenging. 
5. Normalize changes in weight
   • With the changes to eating that come with the holidays, people typically find that their weight increases. If this is a trigger for you, be mindful of body- and weight-checking behaviours. Use strategies to delay and ride through those urges, such as distraction, breathing, or going to a different environment – think leaving the mirror in the bathroom, and instead, going to your living room to watch a funny TV show.
   • Remind yourself that as you continue with your regular eating and activities through the holidays and post-holidays, your body will readjust itself to its typical weight.
6. Plan activities that are not food-centred
   • Many holiday activities tend to be food-centred. While this can be a meaningful way to connect with others, planning activities that are not food-focused can help to create a sense of connection without the added layer of stress associated with food. Plan an outing to look at light displays in your city, or engage in outdoor activities like sledding or a winter walk.
7. Soothe and comfort
   • Those who struggle with disordered eating often feel a sense of shame during this time of year, wondering why they struggle so much when it seems that others don’t, or chastising their ‘flaws and failures’. If you are someone who tends to be harshly self-critical about your eating and body, acknowledging that this is a difficult time and validating the distress you are experiencing are important ways to soothe yourself through compassion. The disordered eating and related feelings have a history, developing over time for various reasons. Remind yourself that though the challenge and distress that comes along with disordered eating is valid, you are also more than just your relationship with food.

Dr. Jean Kim, Ph.D., C.Psych. is a clinical psychologist at CFIR’s Toronto location. Over the past eight years, Dr. Kim has had the opportunity to work alongside people as they develop a greater understanding of themselves and their relationships. She has specific interests and training in working with people who struggle with disordered eating, weight, body image concerns, as well as those who are experiencing the challenges of integrating their cultural identity.

Good communication is key to any successful relationship. It’s not just about talking—it’s about understanding, showing care, and connecting with each other. When partners communicate well, they build a stronger bond and can handle problems more easily.

1. Active Listening: One of the most important skills in communication is really listening. This means focusing on what your partner is saying without thinking about your response while they talk. Show you’re interested by nodding, making eye contact, and saying things like “I understand.” This makes your partner feel valued and helps you understand their feelings better.

2. Expressing Yourself Clearly: It’s important to express your thoughts and feelings in a clear way. Use “I” statements to share how something makes you feel, like “I feel upset when…” instead of saying “You always…” This helps avoid arguments and encourages honest conversations.

3. Non-Verbal Communication: Communication isn’t just about words. How you act—your body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice—also matters. Being aware of these can help you understand each other better and show that you’re sincere.

4. Being Empathetic: Try to understand things from your partner’s point of view. Showing empathy helps close emotional gaps and makes your partner feel safe in the relationship. When people feel understood, they are more likely to share their feelings.

Good communication helps create a healthy relationship. By listening carefully, speaking clearly, being aware of body language, and showing empathy, you can build a stronger and more supportive partnership.

The experienced team at CFIR can help you work on and improve communication in your relationships by providing a safe space for couples to express their thoughts and feelings, fostering deeper understanding, empathy, and conflict resolution skills.

Riley Cheskes, R.P., is a compassionate and experienced Registered Psychotherapist who works with individuals and couples to foster emotional well-being and personal growth. With a warm, empathetic approach, Riley creates a safe and supportive environment where clients can explore their thoughts, feelings, and relationships. Specializing in issues such as anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, life transitions, parenting, post-partum, and self-esteem, Riley utilizes evidence-based therapeutic techniques tailored to each client’s unique needs, including but not limited to psychodynamic, emotion focussed, and attachment based therapies. Whether you’re seeking to improve communication in your relationship or navigate personal challenges, Riley is committed to helping you achieve lasting change.

In the part 1 of this blog, we discussed intolerance of uncertainty, and how it presents and works within anxiety. Now let’s discuss how to manage and change this intolerance of uncertainty. 

Chances are that if you identify with being intolerant of uncertainty, that over time you have developed habits in your life that either help you avoid uncertain situations, or strive to achieve as much certainty as possible. But these methods are not effective, since uncertainty is an unavoidable part of life. Awareness and acknowledgement of the problem is not enough to change our relationship with uncertainty; Action is required to truly change those deep-rooted beliefs and thoughts about uncertainty mentioned in part 1. This action is reflected through the Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy technique of Behavioural Experiments, and/or exposures (Hebert & Dugas, 2019).

For example, take the common parenting/coaching technique used on young children who were afraid of getting hit by the ball in baseball, where the parent intentionally throws the ball at the child. Once the child has faced their fear of getting hit with the ball, they have objective evidence that helps them learn: 1) whether the feared outcome was as bad as they anticipated, and 2) whether they could cope with the feared outcome. This is how action helps us gather evidence to re-evaluate our beliefs and assumptions, and form new, more adaptive ones.

If I were tolerant of uncertainty, how would I act?

This question forms the basis of behavioural experiments and exposures directly targeting intolerance of uncertainty. But behavioural experiments are developed in a more intentional and systematic way than unpredictably being hit by a baseball and finding out that it wasn’t that bad afterwards. Behavioural experiments take exposure exercises one step further by not only requiring you to face situations that involve uncertainty (i.e., eating at a new restaurant), but facing uncertain situations in order to test specific beliefs about uncertainty (i.e., “Uncertainty will lead to disappointment and regret.”) (Hebert & Dugas, 2019).

Working with a CBT therapist will help you practice behavioural experiments that are effective and therapeutic, via empirically supported treatment. They will help you identify unhelpful or negative beliefs about uncertainty that drive your intolerance and symptoms of anxiety, develop a list of uncertain situations you either avoid altogether or seek out certainty around, and successfully conduct behavioural experiments or exposures that directly target and challenge your specific beliefs about uncertainty. 

Reference:

 Hebert, E. A., & Dugas, M. J. (2019). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: Challenging the unknown in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 26(2), 421-436.

Erin Tatarnic, R.P. is a registered psychotherapist at the Centre for Interpersonal Relationships (CFIR). She provides psychotherapy to individual adults experiencing a range of mental health difficulties including anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, obsessive-compulsive concerns, depression, relationship difficulties, and coping with neurodiversity differences. Erin works from a client-centred approach using a cognitive-behavioural framework (CBT), while also integrating therapeutic techniques from emotion-focused therapy (EFT) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.

Yes, you read that right. Not gluten-, not dairy-, but an Intolerance of Uncertainty, which is a key driver within anxiety (Koerner & Dugas, 2006). When one has a medical allergy, they experience very strong physical reactions when exposed to even a small trace of the substance they’re allergic to. Intolerance of uncertainty is like a psychological allergy, where even a miniscule amount of uncertainty in a situation, creates negative and uncomfortable effects, such as excessive worrying and physical symptoms of anxiety. No matter how unlikely an outcome is, such as being in a plane crash, unless one can achieve 100% certainty of the outcome, it will be worried about. This intolerance of uncertainty can go as far as those with anxiety even preferring a negative outcome to their problem, over an uncertain one (Hello, self-sabotage!). 

So what are some telltale signs that you have an intolerance of uncertainty?

No, not hives, anaphylactic shock, or swelling. Some of the most common ways those with anxiety may act in the face of uncertainty include:

• Avoiding doing uncertain things altogether
  • Avoiding investing in therapy because it’s uncertain what the outcome will be or how the experience will feel
• Making up obstacles or excuses to not do things
  •  “I know exercise would be good for me, but what if I end up injuring myself?”
• Procrastinating
  • Avoiding asking a friend for a favour because you’re uncertain of how they’ll respond
• Having difficulty delegating tasks or trusting others
  • Doing all the chores yourself because you can’t be certain that your partner will do it “right”
• Seeking excessive information before making decisions or acting
  • Researching several different options of blenders from several different stores before buying one 
• Seeking reassurance from others
  • Asking multiple people in your life for advice or reassurance about the same problem, or asking them to decide for you

Intolerance of uncertainty is due to unhelpful beliefs held about uncertainty: That it is dangerous, that we cannot cope with it, and that it must be avoided at all costs (Koerner & Dugas, 2006). However, operating under those beliefs only strengthens the adverse reaction to uncertainty, shrinks your comfort zone, and exhausts you from constantly trying to achieve certainty in a world where it’s impossible to not come across uncertainty in some way or another. Read on for part 2 of how to face uncertainty if you identify as uncertainty-intolerant.

Reference:

 Koerner, N., & Dugas, M. J. (2006). A cognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder: The role of intolerance of uncertainty. Worry and its psychological disorders: Theory, assessment and treatment, 201-216.Erin Tatarnic, R.P. is a registered psychotherapist at the Centre for Interpersonal Relationships (CFIR). She provides psychotherapy to individual adults experiencing a range of mental health difficulties including anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, obsessive-compulsive concerns, depression, relationship difficulties, and coping with neurodiversity differences. Erin works from a client-centred approach using a cognitive-behavioural framework (CBT), while also integrating therapeutic techniques from emotion-focused therapy (EFT) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.

This article is part of a series based on experiences I lived as a psychologist, client or simple observer.

I – Listen first 

The B.A. I had taken in Psychology was primarily experimental and theoretical, not clinical. It was then, at the beginning of the Master’s in Psychology that we were eager to learn how to practice psychotherapy. The very first class of the first course we had (Clinical Psychology) was definitely an eye (ear?) opener. 

Prof. Josef Schubert, a wonderful teacher, came into the classroom with a tape recorder. He looked at us and without a preamble, he asked: “What brings a person to therapy?” 

One student answered: “A student who moved from another city to go to university and doesn’t find himself comfortable?” 

Without allowing time for anybody else to talk, Schubert asked: “What would a therapist say to such a client?” 

Another student replied: “Ask him how he is adapting?” 

Schubert said that we would do a role playing. He asked the two students who had answered his previous questions to come to the front and sit opposite each other and he defined that the student who had answered the first question would be the client and the other one would be the therapist. 

Schubert started the recording and let them talk for about a minute. He then asked the two participants to remain silent at the beginning of the debate and he asked the rest of us: “What happened here?” 

In retrospect I am shy to say that we came with highly vaporous ideas about what the client was feeling, what he wanted, what he needed in reality, how good or bad the therapist had been and other comments of that sort. 

Schubert raised his hand and stopped us cold. He asked again, pointing at the two empty chairs: “What happened here?” Most of us remained quiet while some attempted even more vaporous ideas that Schubert cut short. “What did they say?” Again, he cut short those who attempted to loosely reconstruct the dialogue. “What did they say, exactly?” he asked. We knew better now, and we remained silent. Schubert reconstructed the dialogue word by word and then he played the recording. He had not missed one word. 

We were fascinated, surprised, afraid, expectant. Schubert went on to explain to us that to listen means just that, to listen, to pay attention to everything that is said. He then added that it is also important to take into account the tones of voice, body signals, pauses and other signals. Before dismissing us until the next class he told us that we were going to spend the whole semester learning how to listen. 

We knew that the road ahead meant lots of work and at the same time we felt that it was a good idea to start from absolute scratch. 

David Mibashan holds a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the University of Ottawa. For almost 40 years he has worked, as a Registered Psychologist, with people who felt depressed, anxious, at the verge of burn out or just not satisfied with some aspects of their life. Together with his clients, he has dealt with traumas, grief, giftedness, disabilities, immigration issues, among others. He utilizes a Humanistic / Existential approach integrating elements of Psychodrama, Gestalt and Systemic approaches. He works in English, French and Spanish.

This article is part of a series based on experiences I lived as a psychologist, client or simple observer.

Some people have a difficult childhood. Some of the difficulties are external to the family (earthquakes, famines, repressive governments and other causes). Some are internal to the family but unavoidable (death, illness and other causes). In many cases, however, the problems stem from within the family, generally started by the parents or caretakers and suffered by everybody in the house. Some parents are immature (irrelevant of their age) to take care of the children; some never wanted to have children but they do; some have quarrels with their partners and take it out on the children; addictions are another trigger; and there are other causes as well. 

Children need the care of their parents and that includes shelter, food, attention, comforting and understanding, among other things. When a child does not receive these things, many times they tend to normalize the situation. “What happens to me is what happens in a house”, they might think. Furthermore, many times children feel responsible or even guilty for the misbehaviours of their parents. They often think that they probably weren’t good enough and what they receive is their punishment. 

Neglected children many times carry a weight on their shoulders into adulthood. Some heal by themselves or with the help of the Social Services or mental health aid. Many carry on productive and enjoyable lives, probably different than what they would have chosen if they came from a different background, but satisfying lives nonetheless. 

There is an issue of utmost importance. Some people who had a difficult childhood inflict similar damage onto their own children, continuing the chain of abuse. Sometimes those parents justify their behaviour based on their own experiences as children. However, children are vulnerable and it is up to the caretakers to treat them properly. If the caretakers were themselves abused as children, this is their opportunity to break up the chain of abuse. Most vicious circles have one redeeming aspect: no matter where you cut it, the circle is over. 

It is not easy to take a stand and change, protecting their children instead of mistreating them. It is, however, very rewarding to be able to do that and to see their children grow up in a healthy way. Most times their children do not even realize that they were treated much better than their parents were because for them everything is normal. That feeling, on the part of the children, is also a reward, it means that they were spared from hell without them even knowing that.

David Mibashan holds a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the University of Ottawa. For almost 40 years he has worked, as a Registered Psychologist, with people who felt depressed, anxious, at the verge of burn out or just not satisfied with some aspects of their life. Together with his clients, he has dealt with traumas, grief, giftedness, disabilities, immigration issues, among others. He utilizes a Humanistic / Existential approach integrating elements of Psychodrama, Gestalt and Systemic approaches. He works in English, French and Spanish. 

Living as a neurodivergent person with undiagnosed and unsupported Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or an Autism Spectrum diagnosis can lead to a great number of difficulties in a variety of life domains, including with work or school – challenges organizing, planning, implementing or completing tasks, understanding and remembering what another person has said, being overstimulated by and having difficulties filtering out sensory stimuli (e.g., bright florescent lights, ambient sounds, perfumes and smells, people walking in the area), dealing with unexpected changes and last minute taskings (e.g., new unexpected assignment, or scheduled meeting) – but also managing self-care at home, and navigating relationships with family, friends, or other loved ones. 

Spoon theory is a commonly discussed metaphor in the neurodivergent community (and for persons with disabilities) to capture the nature of physical and psychological resources for dealing with life demands – there are only so many spoons (e.g., energy, psychological resources) to go around, and what is available may be inconsistently available within and across days for the neurodivergent person. The neurodivergent person is often trying to manage their resources to balance their physical activity, their focus, their social demands and relationships, to mitigate the impact of sensory stimuli, and manage language and executive functioning needs. It is a lot more to handle (pun intended) for neurodiverse people, who in turn are often prone to burnout and mental health distress.

Diagnosis – The Road to Validation, Support, and Accommodations

For many, receiving a formal diagnosis can provide clarity and understanding about years of challenges and personal struggles. Before being diagnosed with ADHD or Autism, many individuals face a constant internal battle. They may have a sense that something is different about the way they experience the world, but they often don’t know how to articulate or even identify it. The experiences for the person with ADHD and/or Autism can lead to a great deal of confusion and self-doubt. For those who grew up with undiagnosed neurodivergence, the challenges are often compounded by others’ lack of understanding, empathy, or capacity to support. 

An ADHD and/or Autism assessment can not only lead to validation and understanding, but also to tangible supports to help give you, or your loved one, personalized tools and strategies, resources (e.g., guides, books), or work or school accommodations. Completing an assessment may also lead to assistance in completing an application to grant access to government supports (e.g., Disability Tax Credit, Ontario Disability Support Program, Developmental Services Ontario, etc.)

The Centre for Interpersonal Relationships (CFIR) is proud to offer an assessment service for  Adults, Children and Adolescents to be able to diagnose and support Autism, ADHD, and other related challenges – learning difficulties, and psychological diagnoses affecting mood, anxiety, or trauma, among others, to help you or your loved one build a more secure, resilient self. 

A variety of assessments are available – all of which are organized to understand and support symptoms and functioning, and to diagnose neurodivergence and related conditions: 

• Psychological assessment can lead to a diagnostic profile to recognize symptoms and functioning, and validate conditions that are present for the person
• Psychoeducational assessment is organized more for academic settings – to inform a school of accommodation needs, and involves cognitive and academic testing to diagnose learning disorders
• Neuropsychological assessment involves in-depth cognitive testing to develop a cognitive profile, to understand strengths and weaknesses that can lead to adaptive and accommodation supports in life and at work or school. 

If you think you, or your loved one may be neurodivergent, CFIR can help connect you with an appropriate clinician. Assessment clinicians offer free consultations to understand your needs, and to discuss an assessment and plan of action. Assessments are offered in English and in French. You can book in with an available assessor by visiting this page: https://cfir.ca/contact-us/initial-appointment/, or you may speak with a member of our administrative team by contacting the centre by email (admin@cfir.ca), or phone (1-855-779-2347). 

Dr. Marc Bedard, C.Psych. is a clinical psychologist and neuropsychologist, a Partner, and Director, Training at the Centre for Interpersonal Relationships (CFIR). Dr. Bedard provides psychological services to individual adults experiencing a wide range of psychological and relationship difficulties related to mood and anxiety disorders, trauma, eating disorders, and sleep disruptions. He also provides neuropsychological and psychological assessment services to individuals with acquired brain injury, post-concussive difficulties, and to diagnose and support neurodiverse peoples (e.g., Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder).

Finding Strength in the Storm—Ways to Cope with Infertility

Infertility is a hard road, but it doesn’t have to be one you walk alone. Here are some ways to care for your heart and mind along the way:

1.Build Your Village
Find people who can hold space for you—whether it’s a trusted friend, a support group, or others who’ve walked this path. Sharing your story can lighten the emotional load and remind you that you’re not alone.

2. Seek Professional Support
Therapy can provide a safe space to process grief, manage stress, and navigate this journey with resilience. At the Centre for Interpersonal Relationships (CFIR), we’re here to walk alongside you, offering compassionate, evidence-based support.

3. Practice Radical Self-Compassion
Infertility is not a reflection of your worth. Be kind to yourself. Honour your emotions without judgment, and recognize that your value isn’t tied to this journey.

4. Prioritize Honest Communication
Talk openly with your partner. Share your feelings, fears, and hopes so you can navigate this together as a team. Strengthening your connection will help you weather the ups and downs.

5. Ground Yourself in Restorative Practices
Mindfulness, journaling, gentle movement, or even moments of stillness can help ease emotional overwhelm and create space for clarity.

Infertility doesn’t define you. Your story is one of resilience, courage, and hope. As we honour Canadian Fertility Awareness Week, let’s break the silence together. You are worthy of love, compassion, and support. At CFIR, our therapists are here to guide you, offering care and understanding as you navigate this journey towards healing and hope.  

Help is here. 

Laura Moore, MPsy., is an integrative therapist at the Centre for Interpersonal Relationships (CFIR) in Toronto, specializing in providing compassionate support to individuals and couples on their fertility journey. With expertise in relationship dynamics and the emotional complexities of fertility, Laura creates a safe space to address challenges such as fertility treatments, grief, loss, and maintaining connection in relationships. She also supports clients navigating intimacy, infidelity, separation, and rebuilding after trauma. Laura is dedicated to helping you feel seen, understood, and supported as you move through this deeply personal experience.

Understanding the Emotional Toll of Infertility

Infertility is so much more than a medical condition—it’s an emotional journey, one that can feel profoundly isolating. During Canadian Fertility Awareness Week, we invite you to pause, take a deep breath, and acknowledge the full weight of what you may be carrying.

Infertility often feels like an endless cycle of hope and heartbreak. One moment, there’s the spark of possibility; the next, the crushing realization that another month has passed without the answer you’ve been longing for. This journey doesn’t just challenge your body—it can challenge your identity, relationships, and sense of self-worth.

Maybe you’ve felt the sharp ache of grief opening yet another baby shower invitation. Maybe you’ve experienced the burn of shame when someone casually asks, “When are you having kids?” Or maybe you’ve wrestled with a pang of jealousy you didn’t expect when someone else shares their joyful pregnancy news. These feelings can be overwhelming, but they are also deeply human. They don’t make you weak—they make you real.

The silence surrounding infertility can make it feel even heavier. Many don’t know how to approach the topic, leaving you to navigate this deeply personal struggle alone. But you don’t have to. Sharing your story with someone who understands can be the first step toward healing. Connection is the antidote to isolation, and you deserve to feel seen and supported.

Laura Moore, MPsy., is an integrative therapist at the Centre for Interpersonal Relationships (CFIR) in Toronto, specializing in providing compassionate support to individuals and couples on their fertility journey. With expertise in relationship dynamics and the emotional complexities of fertility, Laura creates a safe space to address challenges such as fertility treatments, grief, loss, and maintaining connection in relationships. She also supports clients navigating intimacy, infidelity, separation, and rebuilding after trauma. Laura is dedicated to helping you feel seen, understood, and supported as you move through this deeply personal experience.

In this blog series, we will define health psychology, explore the relationship between mental and physical health, and provide tools to help cope with the impacts of chronic illness.

Health psychology is the study of biological, psychological, and socio-environmental processes that impact physical health and illness. The field places great emphasis on examining the bidirectional relationship between mental and physical health. Chronic illness refers to illnesses or conditions that are of long duration and generally slow progression (WHO, 2018). Common chronic illnesses include heart disease, diabetes, cancer, asthma, arthritis, autoimmune disorders, and neuromuscular disorders. Research shows that individuals with chronic illness are more likely to experience mental health issues including anxiety and depression. But did you know the reverse is also true? Individuals with mental illness are more likely to experience chronic illness. Research shows that individuals with anxiety, depression, and trauma experience higher rates of chronic illness. We will discuss the pathways underlying the relationship between mental and physical illness in the second part of this blog series.

Chronic illnesses can impact our lives deeply and can make us feel alone. In health psychology, we support clients throughout their health journey from the onset of symptoms, to advocating for themselves within healthcare, receiving a new diagnosis, coping with physical limitations or loss of independence, navigating impacts on identity and relationships, and adjusting way of life and plans for the future. We also help clients modify health behaviours such as appetite, exercise, alcohol/substance use, and address barriers to treatment that may be contributing to or worsening physical symptoms.

Health psychology providers utilize a biopsychosocial approach, that aims to recognize the biological, psychological, and social factors contributing to or worsening health issues. Treatment approaches may include: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Mindfulness-based techniques.

If you or a loved one are facing health challenges, please know we are here to support you.

Dr. Megan Dann, C.Psych. (Supervised Practice) is a Clinical and Health Psychologist nearing the end of supervised prac8ce. She is currently supervised by Dr. Lila Hakim, C.Psych. and Dr. Natalina Salmaso, C.Psych. She provides assessment and treatment services for adults and couples. Dr. Megan Dann, C.Psych. (Supervised Practice) utilizes a holistic, biopsychosocial, integrative and trauma-informed approach to help clients with a wide range of issues including: depression, anxiety, trauma, sleep difficulties, alcohol/substance use, chronic illness and pain.

References

Andrasik, F., Goodie, J. L., & Peterson, A. L. (Eds.). (2015). Biopsychosocial assessment in clinical health psychology. The Guilford Press.

Bobo, W. V., Grossardt. B. R., Virani, S., St Sauver, J.L., Boyd, C. M., Rocca, W. A. Association of

Depression and Anxiety with the Accumulation of Chronic Conditions. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 May 2;5(5):e229817. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.9817. PMID: 35499825; PMCID: PMC9062691.

Herrera, P.A., Campos-Romero, S., Szabo, W., Marenez, P., Guajardo, V., Rojas, G. Understanding the Relationship between Depression and Chronic Diseases Such as Diabetes and Hypertension:

A Grounded Theory Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 12130.

hgps://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212130

National Institute of Mental Health. 2024. Understanding the Link between chronic disease and depression. NIH Publica7on No. 24-MH-9018.

hgps://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/chronic–illness–mental–health#part_6118

World Health Organization [WHO]. (2018). World health statistics 2018: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press.